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(No Model.) 1 O. M. RICHMOND. ARTIFICIAL DENTURE. N0.277,'941. Patented May 22,1883.

. gwmx 5 fit theba's'e of the root.

UNITED STATES,

PATENT Grinch.

UASSlUS M. nicnn'onn, on NEW YORK, N. hssrenon TO THE incniiono roo'rn cnoww QOMPANY, or same PLACE.

ARTIFICIALDENT URE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 277,941, dated May 22, 1883.

I Application filed December 1, 1882. (h'o model.)

To all whom it may concern:

haveinvented a new and useful Improvement; I 5 in Artificial Dentures, of which the following is a full, true, and exact description, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings.

My inventionrelates to an improved. process 'of preparing artificial dentures, and to an by-said process V I have previously patented, on the th day of February, 1880, a tooth-crown. ,The present invention consists in animproyement upon the tooth-crown therein'described, being simpler in construction 'and more permanent whenfinisb'ed. In my drawings similarletters refer to similar parts. 4

Figure 1 represents'a view of the root withthetooth-crown apglied Fig. 2, asectional view of the same; Fig. a section of the prepared b ,root ,with the ferrule-in situation; Fig, 4, a

view of the prepared root with the crown in situation, being there held ,by wax,- Fig. 5, a

.view of the incomplete crown shown .in Fig; A

' 'when removed from the tooth; Fig. 6, aview of the same'with theattaching-piu in position *aeady-tutbe invested. Figs. 7 and 8'represent Views-ofi-a mddifled ferrule V v V, r A represents the root. "1' practice a'hole, J,'is drilled in the same, as shown. The end of.,the tooth being then properly prepared, a ferrule, B, is made of such a size as to exactly This ferrule isshown in position in Fig.3. A suitable crown, G, is then selected to be applied tothe root. 0f

" course color, size, and shape shouldbe consuited in this selection. Upon the back of this 40 prbwnis placed aprotecting platinum or. gold plate, D, which has holesthrough it to allow of the passage of the pins E, which are firmly embedded in the porcelain in thewell-known manner. The root and crown having been so prepared, the crown is placed in position and attached to the ferr-ule'by wax G, as shown in Fig. 4; This wax will hold the crown suffi- '.ciently firmly in position to allow of the removal of the ferrule B. In Fig. 5 the ferrule improved tooth-crown which may be prepared "thegum. The cgmcnt surrounding the pin Z is shown at J.

B and the crown attached thereto by wax are in the root.. The prepared crown shown in p Fig. 6.is then invested or protected by a suitable coveringof marble-dust and plaster, leaving the wax portion G exposed. This investiture will hold the'parts firmly in the position which they are to occupy when placed in the mouth. The wax may then be readily melted from behind the crown and replaced by a suitable gold solder, which may be blown in by a blow.-pipe and fused around {he pin. This solderwilbunite with the pin, the' ferrule 13, the plate D, and pin Z, making asolid metal backing, N, to the crownL and'firmly holdingallthepartstogether. The preparedcrown is' then .slipped upon the prepared root, as shown in Fig.2, and cemented thereto. The said ferrule, when'in position, should project underthe'd'ree margin of the gum sufiiciently to protect the root" from decay. That part of said ferrule is likewise concealed from view by In Fig. 7 is shown a ferrule in position similar to the one shown in Fig. 2, the difference being that in this case the ferrule is made in the form of a cup surrounding the end ofthe root, with a-hole pierced therethrough. In Fig. 8c 8 the separate ferrule is shown. The method of attaching is the same.

I do not limit myself to a crown prepared by the exact process here described, as said crown might. be prepared in other ways; but 85 I prefer the process here described. a

It will beseen that when this denture is applied to a root the end of the root is entirely -protected from the injurious action of the fluids of the mouth, and is hermetically sealed, 0

being covered by a closed cap. This inclosin-g:

cap is of the greatest importance, because otherwise decay must necessarily take place by reason of the action of the fluids of the mouth on the exposed dentine, and the dent- 5 ure'would become useless. By this arrange ment, therefore, both the end of the root and so much of the same as might otherwise be exzostruction of the root.

fixing its nabural terminal contour near the mar- "sleuth are hez'sne 'risally SGllGflfillld there his til preteete fro the injurious efiechwhieh sihei'wise suit from the action of the ltis ebvieus, likewise, that by is 'arraugemehirthe enl of the root may Fetain its natasrel ehufigemtism and its suhsmnee is not destroyed by cutting away or shaping the same at the skies, which is very injurious and tends greatly to the de- It is obvimis thal; ihis pert of my i[Weniion-memely. she seaiisg-eep on the end of the m1-mey be used with ether kimis of dentures 22ml. eiher arrangements artificial crowns besides those shew: herein, is and that, when preperly appliezl, the root is cmnpleiely protected. As shows in 2 Y74-, and 7, the flange cf the p should pre iew, lreneath. the gum and allow fill "b.1331 to exieml t0 the porcelain stews. The efihe 2o gum from permanent alit shmeni with the of the moi allows this ha t0 be p used in sition Without causing irritaiximn 1 (1e netlimit myself to the precise meihed 0f attaehlug this ii closingwap 139 the met, ether methods might be employed; but the one here shown is ihe simplest known to men The caps hereinhefore described are so cam structed, as set fcrth as to saver and iuclese the prepared, end of the r00i holly ezelmiieg the juices of lhe mouth ihe sefz-sm, and preventing the decay that would etherwise result, Whai claim as my im'eniion, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, i

l. The cemhinatiou Of a prepared root, havswam;

gin. 0f thegum, with ex inclosing-cep attached a for supperting w: cial denture; iallyes rlescrihezh i 5 eeomhiimuien 0f a prepared r0013, hav nziturel terminal contour new the ma! e i the gum, with an inelesingeap attached as, and with an artificial; porcelain m crown supgwrted by saidveap, substanas described" 3. The cemhineiion'of a; prepared root, hm .5

121 is natural terminal. content near ihe masgiu'of tshe with an'inelesingeap attache?! thez'ebo, the saiu cap heing &l38,(3h6(l t0 the rash by a pin e1: suitable attaching esntrimnce;

passing :ipwazd mil-finis suitable cevityin '46 en 02' the crown U, metallic haehiughl usual in preheating-plate 1D and pin Z, the root A, will cement J, uniting the pin Zlo themes, substantially 21s described.

UASSIUS M. BIOHMQND. Witnesses;

' G 10. I. EVANS,

WM, e. PULLQOK. 

